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Long-stay visas (Type D)

Dutch Residence Permit for Self-Employed Person

A residence permit for entrepreneurs whose business serves an essential Dutch interest, assessed through a points-based scoring system.

Expert reviewed Official guidance referenced

Important information

Immigration rules and fees can change. This information is for general guidance only and does not constitute legal advice. Always check the latest requirements on the official Netherlands government website before you apply.
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Issued by
IND, on the advice of the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO)
Assessment
Points system: personal experience, business plan, added value for the Netherlands
Income
Must draw sufficient income from the business (minimum gross profit approx. EUR 1,766.77/month in 2026, with holiday allowance)
Duration
Up to 2 years, renewable
Treaty exceptions
US nationals (DAFT) and Turkish nationals face lighter conditions, not the full points test

Who it's for

Entrepreneurs and freelancers from outside the EU/EEA/Switzerland who want to establish or run a business in the Netherlands and can show it adds genuine value to the Dutch economy.

Requirements

  • A business that serves an essential Dutch interest, meeting the RVO points threshold (a passing score overall and in each of the three sections)
  • A concrete, credible business plan
  • Relevant experience, qualifications, and financial substantiation
  • Registration with the Dutch Chamber of Commerce (KVK) and sufficient income drawn from the business
  • A valid passport; no public-order objections; TB test where required

What you can do

  • Operate your own registered business in the Netherlands
  • Bring family members through family reunification
  • Renew the permit as long as the business remains viable and generates sufficient income
  • Build toward long-term/permanent residence over time

How to apply

You (or your business) submit the application to the IND; RVO then assesses the business under the points system and advises the IND.

If an MVV is required for your nationality, you collect it abroad after approval, then enter the Netherlands and collect your residence card.

Treaty nationals (e.g. US citizens under DAFT) apply on the same self-employed permit but are tested against the treaty's lighter conditions instead of the points system.

Documents

  • Valid passport
  • Detailed business plan with financial projections
  • Evidence of relevant experience and qualifications
  • Chamber of Commerce (KVK) registration or proof of intended registration
  • Antecedents (public order) declaration; TB test where applicable

Frequently asked questions

  • RVO scores the application across personal experience, the business plan, and added value for the Netherlands. You need a passing total and a minimum score in each of the three sections; innovation, investment, and job creation raise your score.

Official sources

For the most accurate and up-to-date information, always refer to the official government sources.

Verified against official gov.uk sources · last reviewed 2026-08-21. Information only — not legal advice.

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