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Long-stay visas (Type D)

German Self-Employment and Freelance Visa

A residence permit for people setting up a business or working as a freelancer in a liberal profession in Germany.

Expert reviewed Official guidance referenced

Important information

Immigration rules and fees can change. This information is for general guidance only and does not constitute legal advice. Always check the latest requirements on the official Germany government website before you apply.
On this page
Issued by
German mission abroad; residence permit by the Ausländerbehörde
Legal basis
Section 21 Residence Act (AufenthG)
Two tracks
Business owner (Section 21(1)) vs freelancer in a liberal profession
Duration
Up to 3 years, renewable
After success
Settlement permit possible if the business succeeds and livelihood is secured

Who it's for

  • Entrepreneurs founding or running a company in Germany
  • Freelancers in a liberal profession (e.g. doctors, lawyers, engineers, artists, writers, interpreters, architects)
  • Self-employed professionals who can finance and sustain their activity

Requirements

  • For business: an economic interest or regional demand and an expected positive economic effect
  • Secured financing through own capital or a loan commitment (business plan usually required)
  • For freelancers: proof you can make a living from the activity
  • Any professional licence or permit required to practise
  • Proof of adequate old-age provision if you are over 45
  • Valid passport and health insurance

What you can do

  • Run your own business or practise your freelance profession in Germany
  • Employ staff and build up your enterprise
  • Bring family members via reunification
  • Progress toward a settlement permit if the venture is successful

How to apply

Prepare a business plan (for entrepreneurs) or evidence of clients/commissions (for freelancers) and secure financing.

Apply for the national visa for self-employment at the German mission abroad; the mission consults the relevant local trade and professional bodies and the foreigners' authority.

After arrival, register your address and business and apply for the residence permit at the Ausländerbehörde.

Documents

  • Valid passport and biometric photos
  • Business plan with financing and revenue projections (business owners)
  • Evidence of professional qualifications and any required licence
  • Proof of client interest / letters of intent (freelancers)
  • Proof of secured financing and, if over 45, old-age provision
  • Proof of health insurance

Frequently asked questions

  • Yes. Business founders under Section 21(1) must show an economic interest/regional demand and a positive economic effect with secured financing, while freelancers in liberal professions face lighter conditions but must prove they can support themselves from the activity.

Verified against official gov.uk sources · last reviewed 2026-08-21. Information only — not legal advice.

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