Long-stay visas (Type D)
German Self-Employment and Freelance Visa
A residence permit for people setting up a business or working as a freelancer in a liberal profession in Germany.
Important information
- Issued by
- German mission abroad; residence permit by the Ausländerbehörde
- Legal basis
- Section 21 Residence Act (AufenthG)
- Two tracks
- Business owner (Section 21(1)) vs freelancer in a liberal profession
- Duration
- Up to 3 years, renewable
- After success
- Settlement permit possible if the business succeeds and livelihood is secured
Who it's for
- Entrepreneurs founding or running a company in Germany
- Freelancers in a liberal profession (e.g. doctors, lawyers, engineers, artists, writers, interpreters, architects)
- Self-employed professionals who can finance and sustain their activity
Requirements
- For business: an economic interest or regional demand and an expected positive economic effect
- Secured financing through own capital or a loan commitment (business plan usually required)
- For freelancers: proof you can make a living from the activity
- Any professional licence or permit required to practise
- Proof of adequate old-age provision if you are over 45
- Valid passport and health insurance
What you can do
- Run your own business or practise your freelance profession in Germany
- Employ staff and build up your enterprise
- Bring family members via reunification
- Progress toward a settlement permit if the venture is successful
How to apply
Prepare a business plan (for entrepreneurs) or evidence of clients/commissions (for freelancers) and secure financing.
Apply for the national visa for self-employment at the German mission abroad; the mission consults the relevant local trade and professional bodies and the foreigners' authority.
After arrival, register your address and business and apply for the residence permit at the Ausländerbehörde.
Documents
- Valid passport and biometric photos
- Business plan with financing and revenue projections (business owners)
- Evidence of professional qualifications and any required licence
- Proof of client interest / letters of intent (freelancers)
- Proof of secured financing and, if over 45, old-age provision
- Proof of health insurance
Frequently asked questions
Yes. Business founders under Section 21(1) must show an economic interest/regional demand and a positive economic effect with secured financing, while freelancers in liberal professions face lighter conditions but must prove they can support themselves from the activity.
Official sources
For the most accurate and up-to-date information, always refer to the official government sources.
Verified against official gov.uk sources · last reviewed 2026-08-21. Information only — not legal advice.
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