Permanent residence & citizenship
Australian Australian citizenship by conferral
The main pathway for permanent residents to become Australian citizens by application.
Expert reviewed Official guidance referenced
Under review — check current rules
Residence requirement summarised from official guidance; confirm the exact rule and any alternative-residence provisions on the official page before publishing.
Important information
Immigration rules and fees can change. This information is for general guidance only and does not constitute legal advice. Always check the latest requirements on the official Australia government website before you apply.
On this page
- Official name
- Australian citizenship by conferral
- Route type
- Citizenship application for eligible permanent residents
- Residence requirement
- Generally 4 years lawful residence, including the last 12 months as a permanent resident
- Alternative residence rules apply to some applicants; check the Residence Calculator.
Who it is for
- Permanent residents who meet the residence requirement
- Eligible Special Category (subclass 444) visa holders
- Applicants who meet character and, where required, English and citizenship-test requirements
Requirements
- Meet the residence requirement (or an approved alternative)
- Hold a permanent visa (or eligible SCV) for the required period
- Be of good character
- Meet other requirements such as the citizenship test where applicable
How to apply
- Check your eligibility with the Residence Calculator
- Apply online through your ImmiAccount with supporting documents
- Attend an appointment/test if required, then a citizenship ceremony if approved
Official sources
For the most accurate and up-to-date information, always refer to the official government sources.
Verified against official gov.uk sources · last reviewed 2026-08-21. Information only — not legal advice.